![]() ![]() RNA-seq has proved to be obtainable transitorily, yet this method could have already effectively altered our vision of the breadth and depth via eukaryotic transcriptomes assay, which could improve the efficiency of gene identification as well 20. To better understand host plant responses during simultaneous heat and pathogen stress, The experiment that a transcriptomics profile of the Xoo resistance gene Xa7 against Xanthomonas oryzae was conducted during high-temperature stress characterized the plant responses genes against coinstantaneous heat and pathogen stress 19. RNA-seq has explicated the difference of RNA level in lots of diverse plants and bacteria caused by diseases 17, 18. RNA-seq is used as a standard method for analyzing gene expression profile, including bacterial infections 13, such as transcript profiles of the RNA chaperone Hfq in Salmonella enterica 14, Burkholderia cenocepacia and Helicobacter pylori 15, 16 etc. To solve the problem of Xoo resistance breakdown, new broad-spectrum resistance genes need to be identified. However, resistance provided by R genes could break down due to the emergence of new Xoo races and rapid changes in the pathogenicity of Xoo 1, 3, 10. To date, at least 45 race-specific bacterial blight resistance (R) genes to different Xoo races derived from cultivated and wild rice and artificial mutants were identified or mapped 11, 12. Application of resistance variety is firmly believed to be the most effective and environment-friendly measure to prevent and control bacterial blight disease 1, 2. MR has been widely applied to rice breeding in consideration of its high level of resistance and easy genetic manipulation. In the rice- Xoo pathosystem, MR-mediated race-specific resistance usually follows the gene-for-gene relationship 9, 10. The rice- Xoo pathosystem as a host–pathogen interactions and co-evolution genetic model was used to dissect plant disease resistance mechanisms 5, 9. Quantitative resistance belongs to pathogen race-nonspecific resistance which is generally mediated by multiple minor genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) 8. Qualitative resistance belongs to pathogen race-specific resistance which controlled by major resistance (MR) genes. Normally plant disease resistance is divided into qualitative (complete) or quantitative (partial) according to the plant’s specific interactions against pathogen invasion 7. ![]() Rice bacterial blight disease is usually prevalent in tropical subtropical regions rice-growing regions except North America 5, 6. Rice infected by Xoo can lose 10–20% and even up to 80% of its yield 3, 4. Xoo causes a systemic infection of the vascular system that results in yellowish brown long strip or offwhite lesions along leaf veins at the maximum booting stage. oryzae ( Xoo) is one of most serious three rice disease in the world, and limits rice productivity each year owing to its high epidemic potential and the lack of effective bactericides 1, 2. Rice ( Oryza sativa) bacterial blight which caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. The sequence comparison of Xa23 allele between H120 and CBB23 indicated that the Xa46(t) gene is not identical to Xa23. Mapping and expression data suggest that Loc_Os11g37540 allele is most likely to be Xa46(t). Four genes in the Xa46(t) target region were differentially expressed after inoculation with Xoo. Differential expression of H120 was analyzed by RNA-seq. The 12 genes predicted within the target region included two candidate genes encoding the serine/threonine-protein kinase Doa (Loc_Os11g37540) and Calmodulin-2/3/5 (Loc_Os11g37550). Xa46(t) was mapped between the markers RM26981 and RM26984 within an approximately 65.34-kb region on chromosome 11. The segregation ratios of F 2 progeny consisted with the action of a single dominant resistance gene, which we named Xa46(t). To identify and map the Xoo resistance gene(s) of H120, we examined the association between phenotypic and genotypic variations in two F 2 populations derived from crosses between H120/CO39 and H120/IR24. ![]() The mutant line H120 derived from the japonica line Lijiangxintuanheigu is resistant to all Chinese Xoo races. Resistance breeding is an effective method for controlling bacterial leaf blight disease. oryzae ( Xoo) and produces substantial losses in rice yields. Rice bacterial leaf blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. ![]()
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